An Appraisal of Government Expenditure’s Influence on Regional Inequality in Nigeria: A Study of Kaduna State (2000–2020)
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Background of the Study :
Government expenditure is a critical instrument for promoting equitable regional development; however, disparities in spending can exacerbate regional inequality. In Kaduna State, uneven distribution of public funds has contributed to significant disparities in access to education, healthcare, and infrastructure between urban and rural areas (Okonkwo, 2023). From 2000 to 2020, fiscal policies and expenditure decisions have played a decisive role in shaping regional development outcomes. Studies suggest that targeted and equitable spending can reduce inequality and promote social inclusion (Adeniyi, 2024). However, misallocation of funds, political favoritism, and administrative inefficiencies have often resulted in disproportionate benefits being concentrated in select regions. This study appraises the influence of government expenditure on regional inequality in Kaduna State by analyzing budgetary allocations, public service delivery, and socio-economic indicators. The research aims to identify the key determinants of expenditure disparities and propose policy recommendations for more balanced regional development (Chukwu, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite government efforts to promote equitable development, regional inequality in Kaduna State remains pronounced. Inefficiencies in public expenditure, including misallocation and bureaucratic delays, have led to uneven development outcomes. This disparity negatively impacts social inclusion and hampers overall economic progress. The study seeks to investigate the factors that contribute to these imbalances and assess the role of government spending in either mitigating or exacerbating regional inequality. A clear understanding of these dynamics is essential for designing fiscal policies that foster balanced growth and reduce disparities across regions (Okonkwo, 2023; Adeniyi, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
1. To assess the impact of government expenditure on regional inequality in Kaduna State.
2. To identify factors contributing to unequal resource distribution.
3. To recommend policy measures for more equitable fiscal allocation.
Research Questions:
1. How does government expenditure influence regional inequality in Kaduna State?
2. What factors contribute to uneven resource allocation?
3. What policy reforms can reduce regional disparities?
Research Hypotheses:
1. H1: Equitable government expenditure reduces regional inequality.
2. H2: Administrative inefficiencies exacerbate inequality.
3. H3: Targeted fiscal reforms promote balanced development.
Significance of the Study (100 words):
This study examines the relationship between government expenditure and regional inequality in Kaduna State. Its findings will inform policymakers on strategies to achieve a more balanced fiscal distribution, thereby reducing disparities and fostering inclusive development. Enhancing equitable public spending is essential for sustainable economic and social progress (Chukwu, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study focuses on Kaduna State from 2000–2020, analyzing public expenditure and socio-economic data. Limitations include data reliability and regional generalizability.
Definitions of Terms:
1. Government Expenditure: Public spending on services and infrastructure.
2. Regional Inequality: Disparities in economic and social development across different regions.
3. Kaduna State: A Nigerian state used as the case study.
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